Roma 1:18

The Condemnation of the Unrighteous

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people ¹  who suppress the truth by their ²  unrighteousness, ³ 

Roma 6:1-18

The Believer’s Freedom from Sin’s Domination

6:1 What shall we say then? Are we to remain in sin so that grace may increase? 6:2 Absolutely not! How can we who died to sin still live in it? 6:3 Or do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 6:4 Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too may live a new life. ⁴ 

6:5 For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be united in the likeness of his resurrection. ⁵  6:6 We know that ⁶  our old man was crucified with him so that the body of sin would no longer dominate us, ⁷  so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin. 6:7 (For someone who has died has been freed from sin.) ⁸ 

6:8 Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him. 6:9 We know ⁹  that since Christ has been raised from the dead, he is never going to die ¹⁰  again; death no longer has mastery over him. 6:10 For the death he died, he died to sin once for all, but the life he lives, he lives to God. 6:11 So you too consider yourselves ¹¹  dead to sin, but ¹²  alive to God in Christ Jesus.

6:12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its desires, 6:13 and do not present your members to sin as instruments ¹³  to be used for unrighteousness, ¹⁴  but present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead and your members to God as instruments ¹⁵  to be used for righteousness. 6:14 For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace.

The Believer’s Enslavement to God’s Righteousness

6:15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Absolutely not! 6:16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves ¹⁶  as obedient slaves, ¹⁷  you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness? ¹⁸  6:17 But thanks be to God that though you were slaves to sin, you obeyed ¹⁹  from the heart that pattern ²⁰  of teaching you were entrusted to, 6:18 and having been freed from sin, you became enslaved to righteousness.

Roma 6:23

6:23 For the payoff ²¹  of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

[1:18]  ¹ tn The genitive ἀνθρώπων could be taken as an attributed genitive, in which case the phase should be translated “against all ungodly and unrighteous people” (cf. “the truth of God” in v. 25 which is also probably an attributed genitive). C. E. B. Cranfield takes the section 1:18-32 to refer to all people (not just Gentiles), while 2:1-3:20 points out that the Jew is no exception (Romans [ICC], 1:104-6; 1:137-38).

[1:18]  ² tn “Their” is implied in the Greek, but is supplied because of English style.

[1:18]  ³ tn Or “by means of unrighteousness.” Grk “in (by) unrighteousness.”

[6:4]  ⁴ tn Grk “may walk in newness of life,” in which ζωῆς (zwhs) functions as an attributed genitive (see ExSyn 89-90, where this verse is given as a prime example).

[6:5]  ⁵ tn Grk “we will certainly also of his resurrection.”

[6:6]  ⁶ tn Grk “knowing this, that.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[6:6]  ⁷ tn Grk “may be rendered ineffective, inoperative,” or possibly “may be destroyed.” The term καταργέω (katargew) has various nuances. In Rom 7:2 the wife whose husband has died is freed from the law (i.e., the law of marriage no longer has any power over her, in spite of what she may feel). A similar point seems to be made here (note v. 7).

[6:7]  ⁸ sn Verse 7 forms something of a parenthetical comment in Paul’s argument.

[6:9]  ⁹ tn Grk “knowing.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[6:9]  ¹⁰ tn The present tense here has been translated as a futuristic present (see ExSyn 536, where this verse is listed as an example).

[6:11]  ¹¹ tc ‡ Some Alexandrian and Byzantine mss (Ì^94vid א* B C 81 365 1506 1739 1881 pc) have the infinitive “to be” (εἶναι, einai) following “yourselves”. The infinitive is lacking from some mss of the Alexandrian and Western texttypes (Ì^46vid A D*^,c F G 33^vid pc). The infinitive is found elsewhere in the majority of Byzantine mss, suggesting a scribal tendency toward clarification. The lack of infinitive best explains the rise of the other readings. The meaning of the passage is not significantly altered by inclusion or omission, but on internal grounds omission is more likely. NA²⁷ includes the infinitive in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.

[6:11]  ¹² tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

[6:13]  ¹³ tn Or “weapons, tools.”

[6:13]  ¹⁴ tn Or “wickedness, injustice.”

[6:13]  ¹⁵ tn Or “weapons, tools.”

[6:16]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “to whom you present yourselves.”

[6:16]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “as slaves for obedience.” See the note on the word “slave” in 1:1.

[6:16]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “either of sin unto death, or obedience unto righteousness.”

[6:17]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “you were slaves of sin but you obeyed.”

[6:17]  ²⁰ tn Or “type, form.”

[6:23]  ²¹ tn A figurative extension of ὀψώνιον (oywnion), which refers to a soldier’s pay or wages. Here it refers to the end result of an activity, seen as something one receives back in return. In this case the activity is sin, and the translation “payoff” captures this thought. See also L&N 89.42.